layout: true <!-- Define general layout features --> <!-- Logos --> <div class="my-logo-flu"></div> <!-- FOOTER --> <div class="my-footer"><span> <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128S294.7 0 224 0 96 57.3 96 128s57.3 128 128 128zm95.8 32.6L272 480l-32-136 32-56h-96l32 56-32 136-47.8-191.4C56.9 292 0 350.3 0 422.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-41.6c0-72.1-56.9-130.4-128.2-133.8z"></path> </svg> Nina Fárová, <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.3 128-128S294.7 0 224 0 96 57.3 96 128s57.3 128 128 128zm95.8 32.6L272 480l-32-136 32-56h-96l32 56-32 136-47.8-191.4C56.9 292 0 350.3 0 422.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-41.6c0-72.1-56.9-130.4-128.2-133.8z"></path> </svg> Radim Hladík   <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path> </svg> @nina_farova, <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path> </svg> @hlageek   <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path> </svg> farova@flu.cas.cz, <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path> </svg> hladik@flu.cas.cz   <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M256 32C114.6 32 0 125.1 0 240c0 47.6 19.9 91.2 52.9 126.3C38 405.7 7 439.1 6.5 439.5c-6.6 7-8.4 17.2-4.6 26S14.4 480 24 480c61.5 0 110-25.7 139.1-46.3C192 442.8 223.2 448 256 448c141.4 0 256-93.1 256-208S397.4 32 256 32zm0 368c-26.7 0-53.1-4.1-78.4-12.1l-22.7-7.2-19.5 13.8c-14.3 10.1-33.9 21.4-57.5 29 7.3-12.1 14.4-25.7 19.9-40.2l10.6-28.1-20.6-21.8C69.7 314.1 48 282.2 48 240c0-88.2 93.3-160 208-160s208 71.8 208 160-93.3 160-208 160z"></path> </svg> ESA 2021   <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M440.667 182.109l7.143-40c1.313-7.355-4.342-14.109-11.813-14.109h-74.81l14.623-81.891C377.123 38.754 371.468 32 363.997 32h-40.632a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891L296.175 128H197.54l14.623-81.891C213.477 38.754 207.822 32 200.35 32h-40.632a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891L132.528 128H53.432a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891l-7.143 40C33.163 185.246 38.818 192 46.289 192h74.81L98.242 320H19.146a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891l-7.143 40C-1.123 377.246 4.532 384 12.003 384h74.81L72.19 465.891C70.877 473.246 76.532 480 84.003 480h40.632a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891L151.826 384h98.634l-14.623 81.891C234.523 473.246 240.178 480 247.65 480h40.632a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891L315.472 384h79.096a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891l7.143-40c1.313-7.355-4.342-14.109-11.813-14.109h-74.81l22.857-128h79.096a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891zM261.889 320h-98.634l22.857-128h98.634l-22.857 128z"></path> </svg> esa2021   <svg viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z"></path> </svg> Barcelona (virtual)   <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M148 288h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12zm108-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 96v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm192 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96-260v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V112c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h48V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h128V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-48 346V160H48v298c0 3.3 2.7 6 6 6h340c3.3 0 6-2.7 6-6z"></path> </svg> 2021, September 1   <svg viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M542.22 32.05c-54.8 3.11-163.72 14.43-230.96 55.59-4.64 2.84-7.27 7.89-7.27 13.17v363.87c0 11.55 12.63 18.85 23.28 13.49 69.18-34.82 169.23-44.32 218.7-46.92 16.89-.89 30.02-14.43 30.02-30.66V62.75c.01-17.71-15.35-31.74-33.77-30.7zM264.73 87.64C197.5 46.48 88.58 35.17 33.78 32.05 15.36 31.01 0 45.04 0 62.75V400.6c0 16.24 13.13 29.78 30.02 30.66 49.49 2.6 149.59 12.11 218.77 46.95 10.62 5.35 23.21-1.94 23.21-13.46V100.63c0-5.29-2.62-10.14-7.27-12.99z"></path></svg> </span></div> --- class: remark-title-header <!-- Title slide --> # .left[**Topical Gender Segregation Among Grant Recipients**]Scientific Careers and Practices I <!-- Left column --> .pull-left.left[ .center[ <!-- <img src="https://www.europeansociology.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/esa_logo2_1.png"> --> <br> <img src="https://www.europeansociology.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/esa_logo2_1_1.png" height="300"> <br> <!--<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M256 32C114.6 32 0 125.1 0 240c0 47.6 19.9 91.2 52.9 126.3C38 405.7 7 439.1 6.5 439.5c-6.6 7-8.4 17.2-4.6 26S14.4 480 24 480c61.5 0 110-25.7 139.1-46.3C192 442.8 223.2 448 256 448c141.4 0 256-93.1 256-208S397.4 32 256 32zm0 368c-26.7 0-53.1-4.1-78.4-12.1l-22.7-7.2-19.5 13.8c-14.3 10.1-33.9 21.4-57.5 29 7.3-12.1 14.4-25.7 19.9-40.2l10.6-28.1-20.6-21.8C69.7 314.1 48 282.2 48 240c0-88.2 93.3-160 208-160s208 71.8 208 160-93.3 160-208 160z"></path> </svg> ESA 2021  --> <!--<svg viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z"></path> </svg> Barcelona (virtual)--> <!--<svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M148 288h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12zm108-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 96v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm-96 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm192 0v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm96-260v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V112c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h48V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h128V12c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v52h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-48 346V160H48v298c0 3.3 2.7 6 6 6h340c3.3 0 6-2.7 6-6z"></path> </svg> 2021, September 1    --> <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M440.667 182.109l7.143-40c1.313-7.355-4.342-14.109-11.813-14.109h-74.81l14.623-81.891C377.123 38.754 371.468 32 363.997 32h-40.632a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891L296.175 128H197.54l14.623-81.891C213.477 38.754 207.822 32 200.35 32h-40.632a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891L132.528 128H53.432a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891l-7.143 40C33.163 185.246 38.818 192 46.289 192h74.81L98.242 320H19.146a12 12 0 0 0-11.813 9.891l-7.143 40C-1.123 377.246 4.532 384 12.003 384h74.81L72.19 465.891C70.877 473.246 76.532 480 84.003 480h40.632a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891L151.826 384h98.634l-14.623 81.891C234.523 473.246 240.178 480 247.65 480h40.632a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891L315.472 384h79.096a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891l7.143-40c1.313-7.355-4.342-14.109-11.813-14.109h-74.81l22.857-128h79.096a12 12 0 0 0 11.813-9.891zM261.889 320h-98.634l22.857-128h98.634l-22.857 128z"></path> </svg> esa2021 ] ] <!-- Right column --> .pull-right.left[ ### Nina Fárová, Radim Hladík <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path> </svg> [farova@flu.cas.cz](mailto:farova@flu.cas.cz), <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path> </svg> [hladik@flu.cas.cz](mailto:hladik@flu.cas.cz) <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path> </svg> [@nina_farova](https://twitter.com/nina_farova), <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path> </svg> [@hlageek](https://twitter.com/hlageek) <!--<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M496 128v16a8 8 0 0 1-8 8h-24v12c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12H60c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-12H24a8 8 0 0 1-8-8v-16a8 8 0 0 1 4.941-7.392l232-88a7.996 7.996 0 0 1 6.118 0l232 88A8 8 0 0 1 496 128zm-24 304H40c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v16a8 8 0 0 0 8 8h464a8 8 0 0 0 8-8v-16c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24zM96 192v192H60c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 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</svg> Czech Science Foundation project no. GJ20-01752Y, <i>Funded and Unfunded Research in the Czech Republic</i> ] --- # Gender seggregation in the Czech academia .font140[ - stagnation in the number of women scientists in recent years (26.6% - 2018), a small decline in the last decade (28.5% - 2008) (Centre for Gender and Science 2018) - academia as horizontally gender-segregated labor market where women and men concentrate in certain research areas (Centre for Gender and Science 2018) - the majority of women's pay is made up of grant funding (for 43.6% women, for 38.3% men) (Vohlídalová 2018) - women's success rate in grant funding is lower than for men (20,8% vs 27,1%; junior: 24,7% vs 33,5%) (Czech Scientific Foundation 2019) ] --- # Representation of women in fields .left-column[ - Information Register of R&D Results - Central Register of R&D Projects - based on authorship and disciplinary classification of 851894 publications - 108418 authors with unique identifiers - gender indicator based on first names statistics - duplicate counts for authors publishing in multiple disciplines ] .right-column[ <!-- --> ] --- # Representation of women in disciplines .center[ <!-- --> ] --- # Academic gender seggregation and funding - gender gap in funding has been documented for some disciplines (Lee, Ellemers 2015) - topical preferences may affect success rates in securing funding for racially marginalized groups (Hoppe et al. 2019) - focusing on researchers’ outputs allows a data-driven analysis strategy allowing narrow academic fields and topics to be analysed (Thelwall et. al 2019) #### Research questions: 1. Is there evidence of gender segregation in research topics? 2. What is the relationship between research funding and gender from the perspective of research topics? .pull-right[ .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> Lee, Romy van der, and Naomi Ellemers. 2015. “Gender Contributes to Personal Research Funding Success in The Netherlands.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(40):12349–53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1510159112. <br> Hoppe, Travis A., Aviva Litovitz, Kristine A. Willis, Rebecca A. Meseroll, Matthew J. Perkins, B. Ian Hutchins, Alison F. Davis, et al. 2019. “Topic Choice Contributes to the Lower Rate of NIH Awards to African-American/Black Scientists.” Science Advances 5 (10): eaaw7238. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw7238. <br> Thelwall, Mike, Carol Bailey, Catherine Tobin, and Noel-Ann Bradshaw. 2019. “Gender Differences in Research Areas, Methods and Topics: Can People and Thing Orientations Explain the Results?” Journal of Informetrics 13(1):149–69. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2018.12.002. </div>] ] --- # Topic modeling of our dataset .pull-left[ .font110[ - dimensionality reduction technique for text data - terms are distributed across a limited number of topics - LDA most popular implementation, many variants - chosen method: TopSBM (Gerlach et al. 2018), network approach to topic modeling - results based on 81571 publications | Topic level| No. of topics| |-----------:|-------------:| | 1| 1993| | 2| 965| | 3| 327| | 4| 52| ] ] .pull-right[ .center[ <img src="https://topsbm.github.io/triangles.png" height=100> <img src="https://topsbm.github.io/bipartite.png" height=300> ] .font70[ <div style="position[@Gerlach2018]:absolute; bottom:50px;"> Gerlach, Martin, Tiago P. Peixoto, and Eduardo G. Altmann. 2018. “A Network Approach to Topic Models.” Science Advances 4 (7): eaaq1360. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1360. <br> </div>] ] --- # .font70[Initial approach to examine gender-funding relationship in topic space] .left-column[ - 6624 projects with automatically assigned PI gender - 327 topics - zero-corrected log odds - grant topics = average topics across grant related publications - 39 (11.9%) topics significant with respect to PI gender - 15 <svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M96 0c35.346 0 64 28.654 64 64s-28.654 64-64 64-64-28.654-64-64S60.654 0 96 0m48 144h-11.36c-22.711 10.443-49.59 10.894-73.28 0H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v136c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h16v136c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h64c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V352h16c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V192c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48z"></path> </svg> topics - 24 <svg viewBox="0 0 256 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M128 0c35.346 0 64 28.654 64 64s-28.654 64-64 64c-35.346 0-64-28.654-64-64S92.654 0 128 0m119.283 354.179l-48-192A24 24 0 0 0 176 144h-11.36c-22.711 10.443-49.59 10.894-73.28 0H80a24 24 0 0 0-23.283 18.179l-48 192C4.935 369.305 16.383 384 32 384h56v104c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h32c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V384h56c15.591 0 27.071-14.671 23.283-29.821z"></path> </svg> topics ] .right-column[ **Predicting PI gender from the topic space of grants** <!-- --> ] --- # Disadvantages .left-column[ - type I errors in the high-dimensional space of topics - insufficient number of observations for more granular topic models - machine-learning models with feature importance metrics are preferable - loss of information about unfunded topics ] .right-column[ **Predicting PI gender from the topic space of grants** <!-- --> ] --- # Distribution of gender by topics .pull-left[ .font130[ - calculated global mean of the rate of female authors per paper in the dataset - calculated **topic-weighted mean of the ratio of female authors per paper** in the dataset (the weights are the topic weights of each paper) for each topic - the obtained topic-weighted means are our measure of "femininity" of a topic - "feminine" topic can be defined as a topic that satisfies the condition of being greater than `\(\mu+2\sigma\)` and vice-versa for "masculine" topics ] ] .pull-right[ <!-- --> ] --- # Feminine topics - level 1 .left-column2[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/femtop1-1.png" width="720" /> ] .right-column2[ **Level 1 - highest granularity** - 57 topics - i.e. 2.86% of 1993 topics at this level - 24 topics (2.49%) at level 2 - 7 topics (2.14%) at level 3 - 2 topics (3.85%) at level 4 .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> <sup>*</sup> Only topics appearing in 100+ publications are presented. </div>] ] --- # Feminine topics - levels 2-4 .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/femtop2-1.png" width="1080" /> ] --- # Masculine topics .left-column2[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/masctop1-1.png" width="720" /> ] .right-column2[ **Level 1 - highest granularity** - 36 topics - i.e. 1.81% of 1993 topics at this level - 23 topics (2.38%) at level 2 - 7 topics (2.14%) at level 3 - 2 topics (3.85%) at level 4 .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> <sup>*</sup> Only topics appearing in 100+ publications are presented. </div>] ] --- # Masculine topics - levels 2-3 .center[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/masctop2-1.png" width="1080" /> ] --- # Funding of topics .font140[ - topic-level measure of funding: - for each publication, we calculate its per-paper amount from the related project(s') total funding - if a publication received support from several projects, we sum the amount - if a publication received no external funding support, we assign 0 - for each topic, we take the mean weighted by the topic weights in each paper - we take the log of the result - thus, we obtain for each topic **a logged topic-weighted mean of per paper funding amount** ] --- # The most funded topics .left-column2[ <!-- --> ] .right-column2[ **Level 1 - highest granularity** .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> <sup>*</sup> Only top 20. </div>] ] --- # The least funded topics .left-column2[ <!-- --> ] .right-column2[ **Level 1 - highest granularity** .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> <sup>*</sup> Only bottom 20. </div>] ] --- # Relationship between topics and funding .left-column2[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/bigplot-1.png" width="720" /> ] .right-column2[ <img src="data:image/png;base64,#esa_2021-prez_files/figure-html/combo-1.png" width="504" /> .font70[ | level| correlation_coef| |-----:|----------------:| | 1| -0.3608915| | 2| -0.4058021| | 3| -0.4042872| | 4| -0.2942015| ] ] --- # Interpretation and conclusions .font140[ - how to talk about “feminine” and “masculine” topics: - people vs things dimension (Su, Rounds, Armstrong 2009) - agentic vs communal goals (Pohlmann, 2001) - well-being (caring for the marginalized) vs utility (tech and physics) - differences in funding of topics: - among feminine and masculine topics - especially among feminine topics (SSH vs STEM) - very few topics where women participate highly and at the same time have high funding ] .pull-right[ .font70[ <div style="position:absolute; bottom:50px;"> Su, Rong, and James Rounds. 2015. “All STEM Fields Are Not Created Equal: People and Things Interests Explain Gender Disparities across STEM Fields.” Frontiers in Psychology 6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00189. </div>] ] --- # Thank you for your attention .font140[ #### Takeaways - topic modeling is a viable alternative to disciplinary ontologies (but they still matter!) - weak to moderate negative relationship between funding and participation of women in topics - within gender differences may be as important as differences between genders #### Contact us: - <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M313.6 304c-28.7 0-42.5 16-89.6 16-47.1 0-60.8-16-89.6-16C60.2 304 0 364.2 0 438.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-25.6c0-74.2-60.2-134.4-134.4-134.4zM400 464H48v-25.6c0-47.6 38.8-86.4 86.4-86.4 14.6 0 38.3 16 89.6 16 51.7 0 74.9-16 89.6-16 47.6 0 86.4 38.8 86.4 86.4V464zM224 288c79.5 0 144-64.5 144-144S303.5 0 224 0 80 64.5 80 144s64.5 144 144 144zm0-240c52.9 0 96 43.1 96 96s-43.1 96-96 96-96-43.1-96-96 43.1-96 96-96z"></path> </svg> Nina Fárová, <svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;fill:currentColor;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M313.6 304c-28.7 0-42.5 16-89.6 16-47.1 0-60.8-16-89.6-16C60.2 304 0 364.2 0 438.4V464c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-25.6c0-74.2-60.2-134.4-134.4-134.4zM400 464H48v-25.6c0-47.6 38.8-86.4 86.4-86.4 14.6 0 38.3 16 89.6 16 51.7 0 74.9-16 89.6-16 47.6 0 86.4 38.8 86.4 86.4V464zM224 288c79.5 0 144-64.5 144-144S303.5 0 224 0 80 64.5 80 144s64.5 144 144 144zm0-240c52.9 0 96 43.1 96 96s-43.1 96-96 96-96-43.1-96-96 43.1-96 96-96z"></path> </svg> Radim Hladík - 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